Structure and classification of full trailer and drawbar

Structure and classification of full trailer and drawbar

The full trailer is generally composed of frame, body, traction device, steering device, suspension, traveling system, braking system, signal system, etc.

There are many types of full trailers, and their basic frame, body, and traveling system are basically the same as those of trucks. The rail plate car is generally made of thin steel plate. The longitudinal concave edge plate is punched on the rail plate of the car, and the transverse rib is welded to increase the rigidity of the car and reduce the quality of the car; The floor of the carriage is generally made of wood and covered with thin steel plates, or the floor is made of iron wood composite structure; The frame is usually made of 16mn steel plate, which is welded or willowed with pressed molding materials. The longitudinal and cross beams of the frame are mostly of channel interface structure, and the two longitudinal beams are arranged in equal width in front and back, so that the frame has good bending resistance.

The goods transported by heavy full trailers are of large mass and large overall dimensions. Generally speaking, the strength of the frame should be increased and the height of the frame should be reduced as much as possible to facilitate the loading, unloading and transportation of goods. According to the structural type of longitudinal beam, the whole trailer frame includes straight through frame, stepped frame and concave beam frame.

The upper wing surface of the longitudinal beam of the straight beam frame is straight. The utility model has the advantages that the bottom plate of the trailer pallet is flat, the manufacturing process is simple, the ground clearance is generally high, and the longitudinal trafficability is good. In order to meet the structural and operational requirements of heavy flat full trailers. The frame is mainly composed of main beam, cross beam, support beam and side beam. The load of the whole vehicle is transmitted to the ground through the support beam, suspension, wheel axle and wheel between beams. The main beam, support beam and side beam of the frame are welded parts with box section, which have large torsional rigidity. The cross beam connecting the main beam stretches out to both sides, which is a variable cross-section I-shaped welded structure with high transverse bending strength. The height of the main beam of the frame is large and extends downward, so that the longitudinal bending strength of the frame is improved without increasing the height of the pallet. A rotary table mechanism for installing a balanced suspension is set under each support beam to realize all wheel steering.

Classification and structure of traction seat

The tractor can not only bear part of the vertical mass of the semi-trailer, but also play the role of towing the semi-trailer, and it is also the steering mechanism of the semi-trailer. The traction device is mainly composed of base plate, separation connection mechanism and support.

Traction is divided into fixed type, lifting type and mobile type according to whether the support can move; According to the different degrees of freedom allowed, there are single degrees of freedom, two degrees of freedom and three degrees of freedom. According to the different separation connection mechanisms, there are also two types: clamp type and hook pin type. Fixed traction seat Fixed traction seat is widely used at present. Its support is fixed on the frame of traction vehicle, and the traction seat is allowed to have specified degrees of freedom on the support.

Single degree of freedom traction seat is also called I-axis traction seat. It can only make a longitudinal tilt of about eight degrees about the y-axis. This kind of traction seat has high driving stability and is suitable for high-speed, light load and high center of mass semi trailers running on better roads. It is mostly used on large container semi trailers, high cargo platforms and bulk cargo semi trailers, but the torque borne by the frame is large.

After the tractor is connected with the semi-trailer, first pull the safety baffle to one side, and then pull the handle to move the locking block forward to leave the L-shaped notch of the splint. The spring is compressed, and the front ends of the splint are pulled together by the fixed spring and against the locking block. Then drive the tractor forward to complete the decoupling of the semi-trailer. The supporting device of the semi-trailer shall also be lowered before decoupling.

The above is the structure and classification of the full trailer and fifth wheel. If you have any other questions, please contact us!